Here’s What Retirement Looks Like for Single Women in America
Four retirees open up about their finances and how they spend their time
7 min
The risk of running out of money in retirement rises for those with lower pay, longer lives or no partner.
Millions of single women wrestle with all three.
Women earn less than men on average during their working years and are more than twice as likely as men to leave the workforce for more than one year to care for children or ageing parents , according to a survey of 5,261 Americans that Goldman Sachs plans to release Monday.
This shortfall compounds in retirement. Social Security checks are 20% smaller for women who first claim at 62 to 64 years of age, compared with men the same age.
Single women, in particular, have smaller 401(k) and IRA nest eggs . On average, single women between 55 and 64 have about $88,600 in retirement savings, compared with $136,685 for single men and $423,800 for married couples in the same age group, according to Boston College’s Center for Retirement Research.
Women also tend to live longer , raising the projected total cost of retirement as they have to stretch their smaller savings over more years.
Despite these financial obstacles, single women find ways to pursue new ambitions in retirement, including launching businesses and traveling the world. They could have more time if their caregiving responsibilities have ended. With more freedom than many of their married counterparts, some women can make big changes without needing to compromise or negotiate.
We spoke in depth with four single women who have retired. Some have sizeable nest eggs, while others rely on Social Security benefits or earnings from part-time gigs. Each has found fulfilling ways to define retirement for herself.
Deb Hallisey saved diligently during her career as a consultant, and sought help from a financial adviser.
As a single woman, the Lawrenceville, N.J., resident said, “I knew it was going to be on me to provide for myself.”
All that planning was thrown off track after her father died in 2015. She had to put her work with clients on hold to help her mother—who was blind—find live-in help. When her billable hours dropped that year, she lost her job.
Hallisey, 66, sent résumés to consulting contacts, but she was tired of traveling and craved a new challenge.
She found it in becoming a caregiver for her mother, who died in 2022. In addition to handling her mother’s finances and medical appointments, Hallisey spent half of her weekends at her mother’s house to give her mom’s paid caregiver time off.
Angry and resentful, Hallisey quickly realised something had to change.
“When I was angry, my attitude gave Mom an attitude, and we’d start the weekend off wrong. There is a moment when you say, ‘I can’t keep doing that,’ ” she said.
Her mother urged her to write about her caregiving experiences, something Hallisey threw herself into in 2016, after meeting a successful blogger.
She soon launched a website, Advocate for Mom and Dad, and has written two books about caregiving. She speaks frequently on the topic and does consulting for families.
Hallisey saved $600,000 for retirement and built a $50,000 emergency account she used after the layoff. She currently takes $2,500 a month from her retirement savings and earns $500 a month from her business.
Thanks to the strong stock market, her balance is $525,000. Her home is valued at about $500,000 and she has paid off her mortgage.
In June, Hallisey plans to claim Social Security and use her $3,400 monthly benefit for living expenses. Her goal is to leave her IRA for emergencies, including future caregiving expenses.
She recently hired a financial professional to serve as her power of attorney if she becomes unable to manage her finances. After having done that for her mother, she said, “I could not in good conscience ask a friend to do that for me.”
She spends about $2,200 a month, including $260 for home and car insurance and $250 for food. She sets aside $750 a month for property taxes.
She never expected to tap in to retirement savings early, but has no regrets.
“I’m not making enough to support myself,” said Hallisey, who plans to write another book. “But I love it.”
Marianne Simpson retired slowly.
She chose to wind down her financial advisory business over three years, using the transition to test drive retirement while continuing to build up her nest egg. All this still didn’t fully prepare her, she said, for the moment she put her longtime home up for sale and closed the deal on her new life.
She left the Cleveland area and her 25-year career behind and bought a new place in Chicago close to her daughter, son-in-law and two young grandchildren.
With $2 million in retirement savings and a $3,800 monthly Social Security check, she’s in much better shape than most retirees. She also knows better than most how one’s health and lifespan can largely dictate how long money lasts.
“My daughter tells me to spend more on myself, but my mother lived to 101 so I want to make sure I don’t run out of money,” Simpson said.
As a single adult, she said it is critical that she can manage any future healthcare challenges independently and not have to rely on friends or family.
She now spends about $11,000 a month, around half of which goes to setting aside reserves for large expenses such as taxes and insurance. Her big yearly expenses are about $10,000 for insurance including her long-term care and personal umbrella policies, $10,000 to charity and $15,000 in property taxes. Simpson spends roughly $12,000 a year on travel, including her recent two-week trip to Spain.
She volunteers in her church’s shelter for Venezuelan migrants, cooking dinners and doing laundry. She also volunteers several times a month at a local secondhand store where all of the receipts go to local charities.
“The volunteer work helps give me a new sense of purpose,” she said.
Simpson has met new friends, though socialising as a single woman isn’t always easy, she said.
“Much of the world still moves in couples,” she said.
Stephanie Perry retired at age 41.
Perry was inspired by the FIRE movement, which stands for Financial Independence, Retire Early. Those in it save aggressively and pare spending so they can leave work decades ahead of schedule.
“Retirement is the freedom to be anywhere in the world at any time,” she said.
When she told her parents she was quitting her pharmacy tech job to live the rest of her life traveling the world, they worried about her mental health. Eight years later, her parents see how happy she is and have come around to the idea, she said.
Perry does work, but no more than 10 to 20 hours a week on average. She earns money through house sitting, a YouTube channel, virtual coaching and co-hosting events for Black women. She only takes on projects she likes.
Early retirees often call this part-time approach “barista FIRE.”
Since her early retirement, she has saved more than $100,000 in a Vanguard IRA. She has no debt and all her various side hustles add up to a six-figure income, she said. Perry has traveled to more than 30 countries, including Australia, South Africa and Cambodia.
Now 49, Perry never pictured this life when she was in her 20s and 30s.
Perry said she was miserable working the overnight shift at the pharmacy. She revenge-shopped and ran up debt to temporarily soothe her spirit. The bank foreclosed on her house.
She began following YouTubers who were enjoying early retirement and an itinerant lifestyle. She wanted to retire, too.
She spends about $2,500 a month, on average, including travel medical insurance, her cellphone and food. She lives out of two suitcases and stores the rest of her belongings at her parents’ home in Delaware, where she visits three or four times a year.
Perry checks in with family and friends in the U.S. regularly through video calls. She goes on the occasional date, but has no plans to get married.
Perry never wants to own a home again and has no plans to live full time in the U.S. She’s working on a book for Black women about how they can leave their 9-to-5 jobs. She would like to settle down in Mexico or Costa Rica one day but hasn’t immediately made preparations for retiring from working entirely.
“I’m never going back to my old life,” she said.
Lori Renee Fye , 65, joined the U.S. Air Force after high school, serving in a mobile radar unit in Germany and at bases across the U.S.
She continued traveling after the military, working in administrative jobs for a conservative pundit in Washington, D.C., an apple baron in Texas, and the chairman of a Native American tribe in California. After her divorce in 2014, she sought refuge in European travel.
After her younger brother’s divorce in 2018, she returned to the Canton, Ohio, area where she grew up. She came to provide emotional support and never left.
“This is the place that made me, gave me my work ethic and basic values,” said Fye. “There is a thing called a sense of place. I’ve realised I’m back in my place.”
Canton is more diverse than she remembered. No one is shocked anymore at the sight of a woman riding a motorcycle, as Fye used to do, she said.
This fall, Fye began volunteering about 30 hours a week at a newly opened LGBTQ+ community centre, Queer in Canton. She gives tours and helps organise the cafe and a clothing donation closet.
Though she says she’s an introvert, Fye enjoys meeting new people, even a group of teens that gathers weekly at Queer in Canton.
“Young kids usually get on my nerves,” she said. But “seeing them hang out together is one of the greatest joys I get from the place. It gives them a place to go and be with other kids who are different and not be bullied.”
Fye, who earned about $70,000 at the peak of her career, lives on her Social Security check of $1,665, plus the $100 her former spouse sends her each month.
She wishes she had worked a little longer to boost her Social Security benefit.
She pays monthly rent of $500 to her brother, who owns the two-family home they share, bordering a woodsy area with a creek.
“I feel very secure here. He pays for the water and Wi-Fi. I pay for the trash collection and the bulk of the mortgage,” she said. “It’s nice to be with someone I can trust to be there for me. Everybody needs one person. My brother is my person in a lot of respects.”
Copyright 2020, Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. LEARN MORE
This stylish family home combines a classic palette and finishes with a flexible floorplan
Just 55 minutes from Sydney, make this your creative getaway located in the majestic Hawkesbury region.
Shares in European banks such as UniCredit have been on a tear
4 min
After years in the doldrums, European banks have cleaned up their balance sheets, cut costs and started earning more on loans.
The result: Stock prices have surged and lenders are preparing to hand back some $130 billion to shareholders this year. Even dealmaking within the sector, long a taboo topic, is back, with BBVA of Spain resurrecting an approach for smaller rival Sabadell .
The resurgence is enriching a small group of hedge funds and others who started building contrarian bets on European lenders when they were out of favour. Beneficiaries include hedge-fund firms such as Basswood Capital Management and so-called value investors such as Pzena Investment Management and Smead Capital Management.
It is also bringing in new investors, enticed by still-depressed share prices and promising payouts.
“There’s still a lot of juice left to squeeze,” said Bennett Lindenbaum, co-founder of Basswood, a hedge-fund firm based in New York that focuses on the financial sector.
Basswood began accumulating positions around 2018. European banks were plagued by issues including political turmoil in Italy and money-laundering scandals . Meanwhile, negative interest rates had hammered profits.
Still, Basswood’s team figured valuations were cheap, lenders had shored up capital and interest rates wouldn’t stay negative forever. The firm set up a European office and scooped up stock in banks such as Deutsche Bank , UniCredit and BNP Paribas .
Fast forward to 2024, and European banking stocks are largely beating big U.S. banks this year. Shares in many, such as Germany’s largest lender Deutsche Bank , have hit multiyear highs .
A long-only version of Basswood’s European banks and financials strategy—which doesn’t bet on stocks falling—has returned approximately 18% on an annualised basis since it was launched in 2021, before fees and expenses, Lindenbaum said.
The industry’s turnaround reflects years spent cutting costs and jettisoning bad loans, plus tougher operating rules that lifted capital levels. That meant banks were primed to profit when benchmark interest rates turned positive in 2022.
On a key measure of profitability, return on equity, the continent’s 20 largest banks overtook U.S. counterparts last year for the first time in more than a decade, Deutsche Bank analysts say.
Reflecting their improved health, European banks could spend almost as much as 120 billion euros, or nearly $130 billion, on dividends and share buybacks this year, according to Bank of America analysts.
If bank mergers pick up, that could mean takeover offers at big premiums for investors in smaller lenders. European banks were so weak for so long, dealmaking stalled. Acquisitive larger banks like BBVA could reap the rewards of greater scale and cost efficiencies, assuming they don’t overpay.
“European banks, in general, are cheaper, better capitalised, more profitable and more shareholder friendly than they have been in many years. It’s not surprising there’s a lot of new investor interest in identifying the winners in the sector,” said Gustav Moss, a partner at the activist investor Cevian Capital, which has backed institutions including UBS .
As central banks move to cut interest rates, bumper profits could recede, but policy rates aren’t likely to return to the negative levels banks endured for almost a decade. Stock prices remain modest too, with most far below the book value of their assets.
Among the biggest winners are investors in UniCredit . Shares in the Italian lender have more than quadrupled since Andrea Orcel became chief executive in 2021, reaching their highest levels in more than a decade.
Under the former UBS banker, UniCredit has boosted earnings and started handing large sums back to shareholders , after convincing the European Central Bank the business was strong enough to make large payouts.
Orcel said European banks are increasingly attracting investors like hedge funds with a long-term view, and with more varied portfolios, like pension funds.
He said that investor-relations staff initially advised him that visiting U.S. investors was important to build relationships—but wasn’t likely to bear fruit, given how they viewed European banks. “Now Americans ask you for meetings,” Orcel said.
UniCredit is the second-largest position in Phoenix-based Smead Capital’s $126 million international value fund. It started investing in August 2022, when UniCredit shares traded around €10. They now trade at about €35.
Cole Smead , the firm’s chief executive, said the stock has further to run, partly because UniCredit can now consider buying rivals on the cheap.
Sentiment has shifted so much that for some investors, who figure the biggest profits are to be made betting against the consensus, it might even be time to pull back. A recent Bank of America survey found regional investors had warmed to European banks, with 52% of respondents judging the sector attractive.
And while bets on banks are now paying off, trying to bottom-fish in European banking stocks has burned plenty of investors over the past decade. Investments have tied up money that could have made far greater returns elsewhere.
Deutsche Bank, for instance, underwent years of scandals and big losses before stabilising under Chief Executive Christian Sewing . Rewarding shareholders, he said, is now the bank’s priority.
U.S. private-equity firm Cerberus Capital Management built stakes in Deutsche Bank and domestic rival Commerzbank in 2017, only to sell a chunk when shares were down in 2022. The investor struggled to make changes at Commerzbank.
A Cerberus spokesman said it remains “bullish and committed to the sector,” with bank investments in Poland and France. It retains shares in both Deutsche and Commerzbank, and is an investor in another German lender, the unlisted Hamburg Commercial Bank.
Similarly, Capital Group also invested in both Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank, only to sell roughly 5% stakes in both banks in 2022—at far below where they now trade. Last month, Capital Group disclosed buying shares again in Deutsche Bank, lifting its holding above 3%. A spokeswoman declined to comment.
U.S.-based Pzena, which manages some $64 billion in assets, has backed banks such as UBS and U.K.-listed HSBC , NatWest and Barclays .
Pzena reckoned balance sheets, capital positions and profitability would all eventually improve, either through higher interest rates or as business models shifted. Still, some changes took longer than expected. “I don’t think anyone would have thought the ECB would keep rates negative for eight or nine years,” said portfolio manager Miklos Vasarhelyi.
Some Pzena investments date as far back as 2009 and 2010, Vasarhelyi said. “We’ve been waiting for this to turn for a long time.”
Just 55 minutes from Sydney, make this your creative getaway located in the majestic Hawkesbury region.
Consumers are going to gravitate toward applications powered by the buzzy new technology, analyst Michael Wolf predicts
