Future Returns: Investing in Post-Pandemic Fitness
How investing in health could deliver a substantial figure in return.
How investing in health could deliver a substantial figure in return.
Once associated solely with diet and exercise, an entire industry has sprung up around wellness. But traditional health and fitness still make up nearly 65% of the wellness market, which McKinsey pegs at US$1.5 trillion with annual growth between 5-10%.
“Awareness around health broadly is at record levels,” says Jason Helfstein, a senior analyst with the financial services firm Oppenheimer & Co. in New York. “And a lot of this was considered a niche industry probably 10 years ago.”
But wellness is a niche no more, firmly entered into the mainstream consciousness. While the entire category is being disrupted by technology, no area has experienced this more than fitness. Thanks to gym products like Peloton, Mirror, and Tonal that allow users to take classes at home, activity trackers like Fitbit and countless apps, the future of fitness is more self-directed than ever.
Brian Nagel, also a senior analyst with Oppenheimer, says this means a breakdown of the need for physical spaces to workout as “you can get healthy now in places other than physical gyms,”
Last week, Peloton, which sells its own home exercise equipment and class subscriptions, announced a price drop and financing options to encourage new customers. Helfstein anticipates that soon there may be the ability to access Peloton memberships in gyms.
“The thought was they were mortal enemies before Covid-19 and I have a feeling you’re going to see a lot more alignment.”
Oppenheimer’s investment bank describes health and wellness as the leading theme of 2021’s first half—not only because of “an increasing number and volume of capital raises for high-growth, innovative companies in the space,” it said in a report, but due to investors deploying billions in the market.
But institutional investment in the area is still early, as most disruptive companies remain private. “Most are active through late-stage private investments,” Helfstein says, noting there’s also some activity in the special purpose acquisition company market.
Helfstein and Nagel recently spoke with Penta and offered three tips for investors looking to invest in the fitness industry as it enters its late-pandemic phase.
Change Is Here to Stay
Just as Covid-19 is widely expected to have changed online shopping forever, Helfstein feels similarly for wellness platforms. “The genie doesn’t go back in the bottle” post-pandemic, he says. “Even as we emerge from that, some version of those benefits will sustain. Once consumers try something new, they never fully go back to the old way.”
By September 2020, it was estimated global fitness and health app downloads had increased by nearly 50%. Buoyed by pandemic success, Peloton CEO John Foley said last year he thinks it can attract 100 million subscribers post-pandemic.
Shifts expected to be among the most sticky are changes to workout habits, where people integrating workouts during the workday—where they couldn’t before—won’t give up that convenience. Helfstein is convinced companies will find ways to accommodate employees so they can continue to enjoy perks like this, even if they aren’t working from home full-time.
Looking forward, investors should keep an eye on wellness apps and fitness programs with monthly subscription components. “Once you’re spending your time on one of them, it’s really hard for somebody else to get you to switch unless they offer you a pretty big economic discount,” he says.
Look for R&D, Even in Non-Tech Companies
There’s no shortage of media stories proclaiming companies like Nike and Lululemon “tech” companies, due to their growing technological investments.
“Technology is becoming an increasingly key differentiator” across the wellness industry, Nagel says. Fitbit parent Google and Apple are two companies offering fitness apps, while being among the top spending global firms on research and development. That’s why investors need to look at the R&D spending of fitness and wellness companies when choosing investments in this rapidly changing landscape.
“Companies not investing suggests that they are willing to fall behind quickly,” he says. While it’s tough to come up with a magic number, he feels 5% of revenue is a reasonable estimate for companies to devote to R&D.
Keeping up with technology through its Nike Training Club app has helped the athletic gear company be at top of mind for customers in several wellness areas—which is enormously valuable for marketing and customer acquisition. “That’s helping to differentiate them significantly from all the other athletic brands out there,” Nagel says.
Look for Interactive Community Networks
While there’s a large portion of the population that wants to get healthier, Nagel says, what wellness companies battle most is “the tendency for consumers not to adopt this lifestyle.” But all across the internet are examples of companies where an increased amount of users, increased the collective experience. This is a factor which will drive success for fitness companies going forward.
For example, Peloton offers a number of live classes every day, and Strava, a leading privately held social fitness app lets users share progress and offers contests. It even crowns people as “local legends” for completing the most attempts of particular segments on the map.
These sorts of interactions are like the digital evolution of group fitness classes, offering the motivation that users need to continue and the sort of gratification which can entice non-users to start.
One area both Helfstein and Nagel think investors should watch in this area is live virtual fitness training.
“I think that virtual live training wasn’t in a position yet to really take advantage of Covid as an industry,” Helfstein says. “But it’s an area that we think gets more interesting as there’s an increased kind of hybrid work over time.”
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Investors are taming impulsive money moves by adding a little friction to financial transactions
To break the day-trading habit that cost him friendships and sleep, crypto fund manager Thomas Meenink first tried meditation and cycling. They proved no substitute for the high he got scrolling through investing forums, he said.
Instead, he took a digital breath. He installed software that imposed a 20-second delay whenever he tried to open CoinStats or Coinbase.
Twenty seconds might not seem like much, but feels excruciating in smartphone time, he said. As a result, he checks his accounts 60% less.
“I have to consciously make an effort to go look at stuff that I actually want to know instead of scrolling through feeds and endless conversations about stuff that is actually not very useful,” he said.
More people are adding friction to curb all types of impulsive behaviour. App-limiting services such as One Sec and Opal were originally designed to help users cut back on social-media scrolling.
Now, they are being put to personal-finance use by individuals and some banking and investing platforms. On One Sec, the number of customers using the app to add a delay to trading or banking apps more than quintupled between 2021 and 2022. Opal says roughly 5% of its 100,000 active users rely on the app to help spend less time on finance apps, and 22% use it to block shopping apps such as Amazon.com Inc.
Economic researchers and psychologists say introducing friction into more apps can help people act in their own best interests. Whether we are trading or scrolling social media, the impulsive, automatic decision-making parts of our brains tend to win out over our more measured critical thinking when we use our smartphones, said Ankit Kalda, a finance professor at Indiana University who has studied the impact of mobile trading apps on investor behaviour.
His 2021 study tracked the behaviour of investors on different platforms over seven years and found that experienced day traders made more frequent, riskier bets and generated worse returns when using a smartphone than when using a desktop trading tool.
Most financial-technology innovation over the past decade focused on reducing the friction of moving money around to enable faster and more seamless transactions. Apps such as Venmo made it easier to pay the babysitter or split a bill with friends, and digital brokerages such as Robinhood streamlined mobile trading of stocks and crypto.
These innovations often lead customers to trade or buy more to the benefit of investing and finance platforms. But now, some customers are finding ways to slow the process. Meanwhile, some companies are experimenting with ways to create speed bumps to protect users from their own worst instincts.
When investing app Stash launched retirement accounts for customers in 2017, its customer-service representatives were flooded with calls from panicked customers who moved quickly to open up IRAs without understanding there would be penalties for early withdrawals. Stash funded the accounts in milliseconds once a customer opted in, said co-founder Ed Robinson.
So to reduce the number of IRAs funded on impulse, the company added a fake loading page with additional education screens to extend the product’s onboarding process to about 20 seconds. The change led to lower call-centre volume and a higher rate of customers deciding to keep the accounts funded.
“It’s still relatively quick,” Mr. Robinson said, but those extra steps “allow your brain to catch up.”
Some big financial decisions such as applying for a mortgage or saving for retirement can benefit from these speed bumps, according to ReD Associates, a consulting firm that specialises in using anthropological research to inform design of financial products and other services. More companies are starting to realise they can actually improve customer experiences by slowing things down, said Mikkel Krenchel, a partner at the firm.
“This idea of looking for sustainable behaviour, as opposed to just maximal behaviour is probably the mind-set that firms will try to adopt,” he said.
Slowing down processing times can help build trust, said Chianoo Adrian, a managing director at Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. When the money manager launched its online retirement checkup tool last year, customers were initially unsettled by how fast the website estimated their projected lifetime incomes.
“We got some feedback during our testing that individuals would say ‘Well, how did you know that already? Are you sure you took in all my responses?’ ” she said. The company found that the delay increased credibility with customers, she added.
For others, a delay might not be enough to break undesirable habits.
More people have been seeking treatment for day-trading addictions in recent years, said Lin Sternlicht, co-founder of Family Addiction Specialist, who has seen an increase in cases since the start of the pandemic.
“By the time individuals seek out professional help they are usually experiencing a crisis, and there is often pressure to seek help from a loved one,” she said.
She recommends people who believe they might have a day-trading problem unsubscribe from notifications and emails from related companies and change the color scheme on the trading apps to grayscale, which has been found to make devices less addictive. In extreme cases, people might want to consider deleting apps entirely.
For Perjan Duro, an app developer in Berlin, a 20-second delay wasn’t enough. A few months after he installed One Sec, he went a step further and deleted the app for his retirement account.
“If you don’t have it on your phone, [that] helps you avoid that bad decision,” he said.
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