Stocks Fall, Oil Leaps As Ukraine Crisis Deepens
Russian ruble plunges to record low before recovering moderately.
4 min
Copyright 2020, Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. LEARN MORE
The crisis in Ukraine continued to stoke turbulence across global markets, helping send the S&P 500 lower for a second straight month and Russian markets plunging.
Major U.S. indexes swung for much of the trading session before finishing mixed. The S&P 500 lost 10.71 points, or 0.2%, to 4373.94 on Monday. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 166.15 points, or 0.5%, to 33892.60. The tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite Index turned higher, adding 56.77 points, or 0.4%, to 13751.40.
The S&P 500 and Nasdaq have lost 8.2% and 12%, respectively, over the past two months, each posting their worst such stretch since March 2020.
For much of February, investors were preoccupied with high inflation and the Federal Reserve’s coming interest rate hikes. This sent Treasury yields above 2% for the first time since mid-2019 and triggered a rush to bearish bets on stocks. Toward the end of the month, geopolitical concerns quickly came to the forefront as Russia invaded Ukraine, sending markets around the globe spiraling.
Monday’s trading continued a turbulent period after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Stock futures slid more than 2% Sunday evening and kicked off the week with declines before clawing back some of the losses.
Investors dumped Russian bonds and the ruble was on track for a record low against the dollar. Market-data services showed limited price updates Monday, suggesting few transactions were taking place. Russian sovereign debt sold off heavily, with the yield on a dollar-denominated note maturing in five years surging to 25% in trading, from 9% Friday.
“There is very little liquidity and consequently you get this gapping in the price and you’re not getting any real reflection of where the ruble would be,” said Jane Foley, head of foreign-exchange strategy at Rabobank.
An exchange-traded fund tracking Russian companies, the VanEck Russia ETF, lost $4.75, or 30%, to $10.85. Russia’s RTS index lost around a third of its value in February, its worst monthly performance since October 2008.
Russia’s central bank opted for an emergency interest-rate hike to combat a collapse in the ruble, more than doubling its benchmark rate to 20%, hours after imposing other restrictions on markets. It also temporarily banned brokers from handling sales of securities by nonresidents and kept the Moscow Stock Exchange closed Monday. It will remain closed Tuesday.
Investors turned to safer assets, sending the yield on the 10-year Treasury note down to 1.836%, from 1.984% Friday as bond prices rose. Gold prices edged higher, capping the best month since May 2021.
Though the past week has been marked by big swings, U.S. markets have remained relatively insulated from the turmoil spreading through Russian markets.
Major indexes had staged a rally in recent sessions, highlighting the importance that many investors placed on the Federal Reserve’s moves. Investors have rapidly shifted bets on the situation in Europe and how it might affect plans by the central bank to raise interest rates, with some now forecasting a smaller rate increase in March. That has helped lift stocks at times, including on Monday, when the Nasdaq eked out a gain for the third consecutive session.
“It will give the Fed a little bit more leeway to be patient,” said David Sadkin, a partner at Bel Air Investment Advisors.
Some analysts say geopolitical crises typically don’t have prolonged impacts on U.S. stocks and that they expected the recent volatility to pass. Stocks have typically declined around 6% to 8% after a geopolitical event before retracing those losses in another three weeks, Deutsche Bank strategists said in a note to clients.
And among S&P 500 companies, only 1% of revenues stem from Russia and Ukraine, according to FactSet.
“To date we have not decided that we’re going to make any changes based on what is happening in Ukraine,” said Mark Stoeckle, chief executive officer of Adams Funds.
Major indexes were volatile in trading throughout the session on the last day of the month, briefly edging into the green before collapsing again. Some investors have lately used intraday volatility to step in and buy stocks.
“This generally doesn’t impact our view of the U.S. markets,” said Mike Bailey, director of research at FBB Capital Partners, of the conflict. Mr. Bailey added that his firm had picked up shares of companies like Nvidia recently, which had been bruised this year.
Still, companies domestically and abroad faced mammoth swings. Defence stocks rallied, with U.S.-based Northrop Grumman jumping $32.47, or 7.9%, to $442.14, a record. It was one of the best performers in the S&P 500.
London-listed shares of Russian companies plunged, with Sberbank, the country’s largest lender, down 74%.
“There’s an enormous amount of volatility and nervousness,” said Fahad Kamal, chief investment officer at Kleinwort Hambros. “The risk of miscalculation or something getting out of hand has increased.”
Oil prices rose, with front-month Brent futures gaining more than 10% this month to $100.99 a barrel, notching the largest three-month percentage gain since January 2021. Brent prices last week surged to about $100 a barrel for the first time since 2014 as investors calculated how the invasion could snarl the movement of resources in the region.
Over the weekend the U.S., European Union, Canada and the U.K. said they intended to cut off some Russian banks from the Swift network, a global payment system that connects international banks and facilitates cross-border financial transfers. The U.S. said it would sanction Russia’s central bank, a move to stop the bank from deploying its more than $600 billion in reserves to aid the Russian economy.
Meanwhile, President Vladimir Putin ordered Russia’s nuclear-deterrence forces to be put on alert. The move would put Russia’s network of nuclear missiles into a state in which it could be used if necessary.
Bitcoin prices rose 11% to $41,650.25 Monday, the largest one-day gain since May.
European banks declined, with the Euro Stoxx banking subindex down 5.7%. BNP Paribas fell 7.5% and Société Générale shares dropped 9.9%.
“With Swift, there will be problems processing payments. That creates credit risk, not only for European banks with affiliates in Russia but more broadly, those with clients in Russia,” said Sebastien Galy, a macro strategist at Nordea Asset Management.
The pan-continental Stoxx Europe 600 also recouped some losses, closing down 0.1%. It finished lower for a second consecutive month, its worst two-month decline since April 2020.
In Asia-Pacific, stock markets were mixed, with major benchmarks gaining or losing less than 1%.
Chris Dixon, a partner who led the charge, says he has a ‘very long-term horizon’
Americans now think they need at least $1.25 million for retirement, a 20% increase from a year ago, according to a survey by Northwestern Mutual
Investors are taming impulsive money moves by adding a little friction to financial transactions
4 min
To break the day-trading habit that cost him friendships and sleep, crypto fund manager Thomas Meenink first tried meditation and cycling. They proved no substitute for the high he got scrolling through investing forums, he said.
Instead, he took a digital breath. He installed software that imposed a 20-second delay whenever he tried to open CoinStats or Coinbase.
Twenty seconds might not seem like much, but feels excruciating in smartphone time, he said. As a result, he checks his accounts 60% less.
“I have to consciously make an effort to go look at stuff that I actually want to know instead of scrolling through feeds and endless conversations about stuff that is actually not very useful,” he said.
More people are adding friction to curb all types of impulsive behaviour. App-limiting services such as One Sec and Opal were originally designed to help users cut back on social-media scrolling.
Now, they are being put to personal-finance use by individuals and some banking and investing platforms. On One Sec, the number of customers using the app to add a delay to trading or banking apps more than quintupled between 2021 and 2022. Opal says roughly 5% of its 100,000 active users rely on the app to help spend less time on finance apps, and 22% use it to block shopping apps such as Amazon.com Inc.
Economic researchers and psychologists say introducing friction into more apps can help people act in their own best interests. Whether we are trading or scrolling social media, the impulsive, automatic decision-making parts of our brains tend to win out over our more measured critical thinking when we use our smartphones, said Ankit Kalda, a finance professor at Indiana University who has studied the impact of mobile trading apps on investor behaviour.
His 2021 study tracked the behaviour of investors on different platforms over seven years and found that experienced day traders made more frequent, riskier bets and generated worse returns when using a smartphone than when using a desktop trading tool.
Most financial-technology innovation over the past decade focused on reducing the friction of moving money around to enable faster and more seamless transactions. Apps such as Venmo made it easier to pay the babysitter or split a bill with friends, and digital brokerages such as Robinhood streamlined mobile trading of stocks and crypto.
These innovations often lead customers to trade or buy more to the benefit of investing and finance platforms. But now, some customers are finding ways to slow the process. Meanwhile, some companies are experimenting with ways to create speed bumps to protect users from their own worst instincts.
When investing app Stash launched retirement accounts for customers in 2017, its customer-service representatives were flooded with calls from panicked customers who moved quickly to open up IRAs without understanding there would be penalties for early withdrawals. Stash funded the accounts in milliseconds once a customer opted in, said co-founder Ed Robinson.
So to reduce the number of IRAs funded on impulse, the company added a fake loading page with additional education screens to extend the product’s onboarding process to about 20 seconds. The change led to lower call-centre volume and a higher rate of customers deciding to keep the accounts funded.
“It’s still relatively quick,” Mr. Robinson said, but those extra steps “allow your brain to catch up.”
Some big financial decisions such as applying for a mortgage or saving for retirement can benefit from these speed bumps, according to ReD Associates, a consulting firm that specialises in using anthropological research to inform design of financial products and other services. More companies are starting to realise they can actually improve customer experiences by slowing things down, said Mikkel Krenchel, a partner at the firm.
“This idea of looking for sustainable behaviour, as opposed to just maximal behaviour is probably the mind-set that firms will try to adopt,” he said.
Slowing down processing times can help build trust, said Chianoo Adrian, a managing director at Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. When the money manager launched its online retirement checkup tool last year, customers were initially unsettled by how fast the website estimated their projected lifetime incomes.
“We got some feedback during our testing that individuals would say ‘Well, how did you know that already? Are you sure you took in all my responses?’ ” she said. The company found that the delay increased credibility with customers, she added.
For others, a delay might not be enough to break undesirable habits.
More people have been seeking treatment for day-trading addictions in recent years, said Lin Sternlicht, co-founder of Family Addiction Specialist, who has seen an increase in cases since the start of the pandemic.
“By the time individuals seek out professional help they are usually experiencing a crisis, and there is often pressure to seek help from a loved one,” she said.
She recommends people who believe they might have a day-trading problem unsubscribe from notifications and emails from related companies and change the color scheme on the trading apps to grayscale, which has been found to make devices less addictive. In extreme cases, people might want to consider deleting apps entirely.
For Perjan Duro, an app developer in Berlin, a 20-second delay wasn’t enough. A few months after he installed One Sec, he went a step further and deleted the app for his retirement account.
“If you don’t have it on your phone, [that] helps you avoid that bad decision,” he said.
Chris Dixon, a partner who led the charge, says he has a ‘very long-term horizon’
