Unemployment rises to its highest level in two years
Just 500 people started a new job in January this year
2 min
The unemployment rate has risen to its highest level in two years at 4.1 percent, according to new data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The seasonally adjusted jobless rate increased by 0.1 percent in January, with the number of unemployed Australians increasing by 22,300 and the number of people with a new job increasing by just 500.
Bjorn Jarvis, ABS head of labour statistics, said this was the first time since January 2022 that the unemployment rate is above 4 percent. Mr Jarvis pointed out that a higher-than-usual number of unemployed people were due to start a job or return to work within the next four weeks. There was a similar trend in January last year. “This may be an indication of a changing seasonal dynamic within the labour market, around when people start working after the summer holiday period,” Mr Jarvis said.
Seasonally adjusted hours worked over the month fell by 2.5 percent. This partly reflects January being a popular time of year for workers to take annual leave. But Mr Jarvis said the drop in hours also reflected the continuation of a trend that began in mid-2023 and has accelerated since October 2023. The annual growth rate in hours worked has slowed significantly to just 0.7 percent in January.
The proportion of Australians aged above 15 years participating in the workforce remained steady at 66.8 percent and the employment-to-population ratio fell 0.1 percent to 64.1 percent. Both measures remain at near historical highs and well above pre-COVID levels. The data shows 6.6 percent of employed people would have liked to work more hours than they did. This is referred to as the rate of ‘underemployment’, and in seasonally adjusted terms it has risen 0.8 percent since the most recent low in February 2023.
CBA Head of Australian Economics, Gareth Aird, said the rate of increase in unemployment was somewhat alarming. “The jobless rate has risen quite sharply over the last five months,” Mr Aird said. “For context it was 3.6 percent in September 2023. A lift of 0.5ppts in just five months is significant and somewhat concerning. Both the unemployment and underemployment rates are at their highest levels since January 2022.”
Mr Aird highlighted that just 500 people had a new job in January, reflecting significant weakness in employment growth. Consensus market analyst expectations had been 25,000 and CBA was more bullish at 40,000. In January 2022, employment rose by 65,000 and in January 2023 it lifted by 25,000. CBA has previously predicted that weak per capita employment growth will result in the labour market deteriorating more materially than the Reserve Bank (RBA) currently forecasts.
The RBA expects unemployment to reach 4.3 percent by the year’s end, and Mr Aird said this looks too low. “We see the unemployment rate rising to 4.5 percent by end-2024. We believe RBA rate cuts will be required this year to prevent the unemployment rate from rising much above 4.5 percent.”
CBA is tipping that the RBA will commence interest rate cuts in September. It predicts a total reduction of 75 basis points in 2024 and another 75 basis points in the first half of 2025.
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Continued stagflation and cost of living pressures are causing couples to think twice about starting a family, new data has revealed, with long term impacts expected
2 min
Australia is in the midst of a ‘baby recession’ with preliminary estimates showing the number of births in 2023 fell by more than four percent to the lowest level since 2006, according to KPMG. The consultancy firm says this reflects the impact of cost-of-living pressures on the feasibility of younger Australians starting a family.
KPMG estimates that 289,100 babies were born in 2023. This compares to 300,684 babies in 2022 and 309,996 in 2021, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). KPMG urban economist Terry Rawnsley said weak economic growth often leads to a reduced number of births. In 2023, ABS data shows gross domestic product (GDP) fell to 1.5 percent. Despite the population growing by 2.5 percent in 2023, GDP on a per capita basis went into negative territory, down one percent over the 12 months.
“Birth rates provide insight into long-term population growth as well as the current confidence of Australian families,” said Mr Rawnsley. “We haven’t seen such a sharp drop in births in Australia since the period of economic stagflation in the 1970s, which coincided with the initial widespread adoption of the contraceptive pill.”
Mr Rawnsley said many Australian couples delayed starting a family while the pandemic played out in 2020. The number of births fell from 305,832 in 2019 to 294,369 in 2020. Then in 2021, strong employment and vast amounts of stimulus money, along with high household savings due to lockdowns, gave couples better financial means to have a baby. This led to a rebound in births.
However, the re-opening of the global economy in 2022 led to soaring inflation. By the start of 2023, the Australian consumer price index (CPI) had risen to its highest level since 1990 at 7.8 percent per annum. By that stage, the Reserve Bank had already commenced an aggressive rate-hiking strategy to fight inflation and had raised the cash rate every month between May and December 2022.
Five more rate hikes during 2023 put further pressure on couples with mortgages and put the brakes on family formation. “This combination of the pandemic and rapid economic changes explains the spike and subsequent sharp decline in birth rates we have observed over the past four years,” Mr Rawnsley said.
The impact of high costs of living on couples’ decision to have a baby is highlighted in births data for the capital cities. KPMG estimates there were 60,860 births in Sydney in 2023, down 8.6 percent from 2019. There were 56,270 births in Melbourne, down 7.3 percent. In Perth, there were 25,020 births, down 6 percent, while in Brisbane there were 30,250 births, down 4.3 percent. Canberra was the only capital city where there was no fall in the number of births in 2023 compared to 2019.
“CPI growth in Canberra has been slightly subdued compared to that in other major cities, and the economic outlook has remained strong,” Mr Rawnsley said. “This means families have not been hurting as much as those in other capital cities, and in turn, we’ve seen a stabilisation of births in the ACT.”
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