China Evergrande Fallout Hits Western Bond Funds
Bonds of other property developers dropped sharply.
2 min
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The potential default of real-estate developer China Evergrande Group is taking a toll on funds in Europe and the U.S. that chased high yields in the Chinese corporate bond market.
Concerns that Evergrande might not pay its bonds this month triggered selling of other companies in the country’s property sector, weighing down funds managed by Ashmore Group, BlackRock Inc. and Pacific Investment Management Co., among others.
While Evergrande bonds have been trading around 25 cents on the dollar for much of September, selling spread Monday to other large developers. Yuzhou Properties‘s 8.5% bond due in 2024 dropped about 10% to 75 cents on the dollar, according to Advantage Data Inc.
Fears of spreading fallout hit U.S. stocks and bond yields Monday, driving the yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note down to 1.308%, according to Tradeweb, from 1.369% Friday.
Western money managers increasingly purchased Chinese corporate bonds in recent years despite signs of a housing bubble. The buyers were looking for investments that paid more than the anemic yields in their domestic markets and could benefit from China’s high economic growth compared with developed markets. Many also believed that China’s government would bail Evergrande out if it foundered because of its size—the firm owed about $89 billion of debt as of June.
Some of the China bulls, like Ashmore, were emerging-markets specialists, but others were global-bond funds that traffic in developed and developing markets.
One of Ashmore’s larger funds lost about 1% last week and is underperforming comparable funds by 3.62 percentage points this year, according to data from Morningstar. The firm owned by U.K. financier Mark Coombs also performed poorly in 2020 after large bets in Argentina, Ecuador and Lebanon backfired in quick succession. Its stock has dropped about 20% this year, according to data from S&P Capital IQ. A spokesman for Ashmore declined to comment.
A global income fund managed by BlackRock lost about 0.31% last week and is lagging behind competitors by roughly one percentage point in 2021. The Ashmore fund was about 5% invested in Chinese corporates and the BlackRock fund had an approximately 7% exposure.
Worries may be overblown that default by Evergande could trigger a systemic crisis in China, much like Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. did in the U.S., because other developers are functioning well, said Alan Siow, a portfolio manager at Ninety One.
“We don’t think Lehman is an apt analogy,” said Mr. Siow, who does not own any Evergande debt in his emerging-markets corporate bond fund and is focused on finding “companies that are best positioned to succeed in this environment.”
Distressed-debt hedge funds are also turning their sights on China’s corporate bonds, hoping to buy at bargain prices and to profit by restructuring the debt or by selling out when the broader market rebounds. “We’re doing a lot of heavy-duty work on [China],” said a portfolio manager at a New York-based fund.
A group of Evergrande bondholders formed a committee in recent weeks to create an organized negotiating block in restructuring talks with the company and the Chinese government, a person familiar with the matter said. Investment bank Moelis & Co. and law firm Kirkland & Ellis LLP are advising the group, the person said.
Chris Dixon, a partner who led the charge, says he has a ‘very long-term horizon’
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Investors are taming impulsive money moves by adding a little friction to financial transactions
4 min
To break the day-trading habit that cost him friendships and sleep, crypto fund manager Thomas Meenink first tried meditation and cycling. They proved no substitute for the high he got scrolling through investing forums, he said.
Instead, he took a digital breath. He installed software that imposed a 20-second delay whenever he tried to open CoinStats or Coinbase.
Twenty seconds might not seem like much, but feels excruciating in smartphone time, he said. As a result, he checks his accounts 60% less.
“I have to consciously make an effort to go look at stuff that I actually want to know instead of scrolling through feeds and endless conversations about stuff that is actually not very useful,” he said.
More people are adding friction to curb all types of impulsive behaviour. App-limiting services such as One Sec and Opal were originally designed to help users cut back on social-media scrolling.
Now, they are being put to personal-finance use by individuals and some banking and investing platforms. On One Sec, the number of customers using the app to add a delay to trading or banking apps more than quintupled between 2021 and 2022. Opal says roughly 5% of its 100,000 active users rely on the app to help spend less time on finance apps, and 22% use it to block shopping apps such as Amazon.com Inc.
Economic researchers and psychologists say introducing friction into more apps can help people act in their own best interests. Whether we are trading or scrolling social media, the impulsive, automatic decision-making parts of our brains tend to win out over our more measured critical thinking when we use our smartphones, said Ankit Kalda, a finance professor at Indiana University who has studied the impact of mobile trading apps on investor behaviour.
His 2021 study tracked the behaviour of investors on different platforms over seven years and found that experienced day traders made more frequent, riskier bets and generated worse returns when using a smartphone than when using a desktop trading tool.
Most financial-technology innovation over the past decade focused on reducing the friction of moving money around to enable faster and more seamless transactions. Apps such as Venmo made it easier to pay the babysitter or split a bill with friends, and digital brokerages such as Robinhood streamlined mobile trading of stocks and crypto.
These innovations often lead customers to trade or buy more to the benefit of investing and finance platforms. But now, some customers are finding ways to slow the process. Meanwhile, some companies are experimenting with ways to create speed bumps to protect users from their own worst instincts.
When investing app Stash launched retirement accounts for customers in 2017, its customer-service representatives were flooded with calls from panicked customers who moved quickly to open up IRAs without understanding there would be penalties for early withdrawals. Stash funded the accounts in milliseconds once a customer opted in, said co-founder Ed Robinson.
So to reduce the number of IRAs funded on impulse, the company added a fake loading page with additional education screens to extend the product’s onboarding process to about 20 seconds. The change led to lower call-centre volume and a higher rate of customers deciding to keep the accounts funded.
“It’s still relatively quick,” Mr. Robinson said, but those extra steps “allow your brain to catch up.”
Some big financial decisions such as applying for a mortgage or saving for retirement can benefit from these speed bumps, according to ReD Associates, a consulting firm that specialises in using anthropological research to inform design of financial products and other services. More companies are starting to realise they can actually improve customer experiences by slowing things down, said Mikkel Krenchel, a partner at the firm.
“This idea of looking for sustainable behaviour, as opposed to just maximal behaviour is probably the mind-set that firms will try to adopt,” he said.
Slowing down processing times can help build trust, said Chianoo Adrian, a managing director at Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. When the money manager launched its online retirement checkup tool last year, customers were initially unsettled by how fast the website estimated their projected lifetime incomes.
“We got some feedback during our testing that individuals would say ‘Well, how did you know that already? Are you sure you took in all my responses?’ ” she said. The company found that the delay increased credibility with customers, she added.
For others, a delay might not be enough to break undesirable habits.
More people have been seeking treatment for day-trading addictions in recent years, said Lin Sternlicht, co-founder of Family Addiction Specialist, who has seen an increase in cases since the start of the pandemic.
“By the time individuals seek out professional help they are usually experiencing a crisis, and there is often pressure to seek help from a loved one,” she said.
She recommends people who believe they might have a day-trading problem unsubscribe from notifications and emails from related companies and change the color scheme on the trading apps to grayscale, which has been found to make devices less addictive. In extreme cases, people might want to consider deleting apps entirely.
For Perjan Duro, an app developer in Berlin, a 20-second delay wasn’t enough. A few months after he installed One Sec, he went a step further and deleted the app for his retirement account.
“If you don’t have it on your phone, [that] helps you avoid that bad decision,” he said.
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