What We Know About America’s Billionaires: 1,135 and Counting
Exclusive, up-close look at the richest people in the U.S., from celebrities like Taylor Swift and Elon Musk to a founder of a roofing supplier in Wisconsin
3 min
“Billionaire” evokes tech founders such as Jeff Bezos or Bill Gates , but there is a large and growing group of people worth at least $1 billion in small towns and big cities that rarely make the headlines.
There were 1,135 billionaires in the U.S. as of 2024—up from 927 in 2020, according to data from Altrata, a wealth-intelligence firm. The biggest concentration, 255 of them, is in California. But the super rich are also behind businesses in places such as Ridgeland, Miss., and Waunakee, Wisc.
Collectively, these people are worth about $5.7 trillion, according to Altrata’s estimates. That’s enough wealth to buy…
While many of these individuals own properties in upscale communities such as Palm Beach, Fla., they also congregate in destinations such as Cashiers, N.C.—a town in the Blue Ridge Mountains where four billionaire families have residences. The smallest town where a billionaire owns property? Winifred, Mont., population 172.
The list of billionaires includes some familiar dynasties, such as the Walmart Waltons and Hyatt Pritzkers. There are also lesser known members of this elite club, such as Diane Hendricks , co-founder of roofing-products distributor ABC Supply, and the heirs to the Russell Stover Chocolates fortune.
The billionaire border can be fuzzy. Markets fluctuate, the value of private companies can be uncertain and big donations dent fortunes, meaning dozens of individuals—even stars such as LeBron James and Beyoncé—can move on or off the list.
The 100 richest billionaires account for nearly $3.86 trillion in wealth—more than half the total. Just three men— Elon Musk , Bezos and Mark Zuckerberg —account for almost $1 trillion of it.
Despite those outsize Silicon Valley fortunes , most U.S.-based billionaires didn’t make their wealth in tech. About 300 came from banking and finance, compared with roughly 110 from the tech sector. Another 75 came from real estate.
A third of billionaires inherited much or all of their wealth, Altrata said. There is just one Rockefeller on the list, but 50 billionaire heirs of five companies hold roughly $830 billion total. These individuals account for nearly 15% of all the billionaires’ wealth. undefined
Billionaires have publicly donated or pledged to give about $185 billion since 2015, according to Altrata. Mostly, they support causes such as education and medical research—they gave $90 billion to those two in the past 10 years. That has given them sway in ongoing campus debates over freedom of speech and antisemitism.
While some billionaires such as Gates and Warren Buffett have openly pledged to give away much of their wealth , others have donated little so far. About a quarter of the billionaires in the list have known donations of less than $1 million in the past decade.
Some give more to organizations they’re tied to. Hedge-fund manager Bill Ackman gave about $120 million to multiple causes, but he gave $1.36 billion to a foundation where he and his wife serve as trustees, which supports medical research and other causes.
Among the top recipients of donations tracked by Altrata are global charities such as the Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
One of the most popular recipients is the Central Park Conservancy in New York, which received donations from 89 billionaires worth about $100 million.
Johns Hopkins University received $7.5 billion from close to 30 billionaires, but most of it came from Michael Bloomberg , who gave more than $5 billion.
Methodology
The Wall Street Journal analysed data on more than 1,100 individuals provided by Altrata, which estimates net worth by assessing privately and publicly held businesses and investible assets. Altrata’s data on properties includes residences, land parcels and other properties owned in the person’s name. It uses primary business address to determine a billionaire’s location and assigns each billionaire to a primary industry based on their current roles. Altrata adjusts totals to account for shifts in asset values that could push some individuals over or under $1 billion in wealth.
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Selloff in bitcoin and other digital tokens hits crypto-treasury companies.
3 min
The hottest crypto trade has turned cold. Some investors are saying “told you so,” while others are doubling down.
It was the move to make for much of the year: Sell shares or borrow money, then plough the cash into bitcoin, ether and other cryptocurrencies. Investors bid up shares of these “crypto-treasury” companies, seeing them as a way to turbocharge wagers on the volatile crypto market.
Michael Saylor pioneered the move in 2020 when he transformed a tiny software company, then called MicroStrategy , into a bitcoin whale now known as Strategy. But with bitcoin and ether prices now tumbling, so are shares in Strategy and its copycats. Strategy was worth around $128 billion at its peak in July; it is now worth about $70 billion.
The selloff is hitting big-name investors, including Peter Thiel, the famed venture capitalist who has backed multiple crypto-treasury companies, as well as individuals who followed evangelists into these stocks.
Saylor, for his part, has remained characteristically bullish, taking to social media to declare that bitcoin is on sale. Sceptics have been anticipating the pullback, given that crypto treasuries often trade at a premium to the underlying value of the tokens they hold.
“The whole concept makes no sense to me. You are just paying $2 for a one-dollar bill,” said Brent Donnelly, president of Spectra Markets. “Eventually those premiums will compress.”
When they first appeared, crypto-treasury companies also gave institutional investors who previously couldn’t easily access crypto a way to invest. Crypto exchange-traded funds that became available over the past two years now offer the same solution.
BitMine Immersion Technologies , a big ether-treasury company backed by Thiel and run by veteran Wall Street strategist Tom Lee , is down more than 30% over the past month.
ETHZilla , which transformed itself from a biotech company to an ether treasury and counts Thiel as an investor, is down 23% in a month.
Crypto prices rallied for much of the year, driven by the crypto-friendly Trump administration. The frenzy around crypto treasuries further boosted token prices. But the bullish run abruptly ended on Oct. 10, when President Trump’s surprise tariff announcement against China triggered a selloff.
A record-long government shutdown and uncertainty surrounding Federal Reserve monetary policy also have weighed on prices.
Bitcoin prices have fallen 15% in the past month. Strategy is off 26% over that same period, while Matthew Tuttle’s related ETF—MSTU—which aims for a return that is twice that of Strategy, has fallen 50%.
“Digital asset treasury companies are basically leveraged crypto assets, so when crypto falls, they will fall more,” Tuttle said. “Bitcoin has shown that it’s not going anywhere and that you get rewarded for buying the dips.”
At least one big-name investor is adjusting his portfolio after the tumble of these shares. Jim Chanos , who closed his hedge funds in 2023 but still trades his own money and advises clients, had been shorting Strategy and buying bitcoin, arguing that it made little sense for investors to pay up for Saylor’s company when they can buy bitcoin on their own. On Friday, he told clients it was time to unwind that trade.
Crypto-treasury stocks remain overpriced, he said in an interview on Sunday, partly because their shares retain a higher value than the crypto these companies hold, but the levels are no longer exorbitant. “The thesis has largely played out,” he wrote to clients.
Many of the companies that raised cash to buy cryptocurrencies are unlikely to face short-term crises as long as their crypto holdings retain value. Some have raised so much money that they are still sitting on a lot of cash they can use to buy crypto at lower prices or even acquire rivals.
But companies facing losses will find it challenging to sell new shares to buy more cryptocurrencies, analysts say, potentially putting pressure on crypto prices while raising questions about the business models of these companies.
“A lot of them are stuck,” said Matt Cole, the chief executive officer of Strive, a bitcoin-treasury company. Strive raised money earlier this year to buy bitcoin at an average price more than 10% above its current level.
Strive’s shares have tumbled 28% in the past month. He said Strive is well-positioned to “ride out the volatility” because it recently raised money with preferred shares instead of debt.
Cole Grinde, a 29-year-old investor in Seattle, purchased about $100,000 worth of BitMine at about $45 a share when it started stockpiling ether earlier this year. He has lost about $10,000 on the investment so far.
Nonetheless, Grinde, a beverage-industry salesman, says he’s increasing his stake. He sells BitMine options to help offset losses. He attributes his conviction in the company to the growing popularity of the Ethereum blockchain—the network that issues the ether token—and Lee’s influence.
“I think his network and his pizzazz have helped the stock skyrocket since he took over,” he said of Lee, who spent 15 years at JPMorgan Chase, is a managing partner at Fundstrat Global Advisors and a frequent business-television commentator.
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