5 reasons why Australia’s inflation rate will not follow the US uptick

Inflation in Australia is unlikely to follow last week’s surprising uptick in the United States, according to AMP deputy chief economist Diana Mousina. US inflation increased 0.4 percent in March, pushing the yearly inflation rate to 3.5 percent, up from 3.2 percent in February. This is well above the US Federal Reserve’s 2 percent target, and prompted analysts to push back their predictions on the timing of a US interest rate cut. The official US cash rate range is currently 5.25 to 5.5 percent.

Australian and US inflation are now at similar levels. Our annual inflation rate is currently 3.4 percent, as per the monthly report for February. The rate was the same in January. Ms Mousina said Australian inflation peaked in December 2022, which was about six months after the US economy. While analysts have been watching US trends ever since for insights as to what may happen here, Ms Mousina said it was unlikely that Australia would also record an uptick in inflation for March.

“… we think Australian inflation will see a further slowing from here, unlike the recent pattern in the US,” Ms Mousina said. There are five key reasons for this, starting with how domestic conditions in the US and Australia have been impacted differently by monetary policy. Firstly, most US home loans are on long-term fixed interest rates. Most Australian mortgages are on variable rates, so mortgage repayments have lifted considerably and eaten into household budgets for living expenses.

“US outstanding mortgage rates have risen by 0.5 percentage points, compared to 3.2 percentage points in Australia. This is despite Australia increasing interest rates by 1 percent less than the US. As a result, households are in worse shape in Australia than the US.”

Ms Mousina said retail trading, real household disposable income and consumer confidence were down in Australia but rising in the US. “A softer consumer weighs on spending and inflation,” she said.

Ms Mousina also said high US wages growth was keeping services inflation elevated. Australian wages growth has also increased, to its highest level since 2009, but is likely to taper off from here. “… the unemployment rate is expected to lift as labour demand has slowed,” she said. “Softer wages growth in 2024 will see a softening in services inflation.”

Prices in regular US price surveys have recently recorded an uptick, while prices in Australia have been trending down. Additionally, Australian pipeline inflation pressure, which gives a four-month lead on inflation trends, continues to head lower. Pipeline pressure is measured using energy and agricultural commodities prices, shipping rates, price surveys, advertised salaries on Seek and the China Producer Price Index. “… when we look at our Australian pipeline indicator, there is still a further slowing in inflation likely to occur, whereas progress in the US inflation indicator has stalled,” Ms Mousina said.

The last reason why Australia is unlikely to record an uptick in inflation is technical differences in the measurement of inflation between the two countries. The US CPI data has a high weighting to housing at 33 percent, including both rents and ‘owners’ equivalent rent’ which reflects property values. In Australia, only rents are included in the CPI index, with a weighting of just 5.8 percent. “Both rents and owners’ equivalent rent have had high inflation in the US,” she said. “If Australia had a higher weighting to rents, then services inflation would remain higher for longer, as very elevated Australian population growth is keeping rental inflation high.”