The 10 biggest costs of real estate investment
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The 10 biggest costs of real estate investment

Data from the Australian Taxation Office revealed the hidden expenses of owning an investment property are significant

By Bronwyn Allen
Thu, Aug 1, 2024 9:57amGrey Clock 2 min

New tax data reveals the 10 largest holding costs that landlords pay to maintain their real estate investments. While the biggest expense is an obvious one – interest on loans – the next biggest cost categories may be surprising. The second biggest expense was council rates and the third greatest cost was the fees landlords pay their property managers to collect the rent and organise repairs.

The Australian Taxation Office documents all 19 cost categories of real estate investment in the latest round of annual tax data just released for the 2022 financial year. Two of the cost categories are depreciation expenses, which do not come out of pocket but can be claimed by landlords as capital works and capital allowances to reduce their taxable income.

Landlords paid $15.76 billion in interest on their loans in FY22, along with $3.94 billion in council rates and $3.30 billion in property management fees. Property management is typically charged as a percentage of monthly rent, with other fees such as new tenancy agreements added on top.

Repairs and maintenance was the next biggest cost category with $3.19 billion shelled out to rectify issues. The fifth largest expense was body corporate fees at $3.12 billion. Body corporate fees are paid by landlords who own strata-title investment properties, such as apartments and townhouses.

The sixth biggest expense was insurance at $1.99 billion. Insurance costs may include protection against damage to the building as well as landlords’ insurance to cover rent defaults and contents. Landlords also paid $1.72 billion for water and sewerage services, with tenants in some parts of Australia like Queensland and Western Australia required to chip in to cover their water usage.

Land tax was next with $1.64 billion paid by landlords whose properties exceeded certain land values prescribed by their state or territory governments. Land tax has been a hot topic in Victoria in 2024 after the state government slashed the tax-free threshold from $300,000 to $50,000 from 1 January. The final two costs among the top 10 real estate investment expenses were $1.19 billion paid out to cover sundry expenses and $381.39 million for professional cleaning services.

In FY22, there were 2,268,161 landlords who owned investments either solely or jointly. This was one percent higher than in FY21 or the equivalent of 22,600 new landlords. FY22 was only the second year in more than two decades that a majority of landlords were cash flow neutral or positive instead of negatively geared. This was due to record low interest rates.

The official cash rate remained at an emergency low for the first 10 months of FY22, with the cheapest interest-only investment variable rates being about 2.5 percent at the time. Today, the cheapest interest-only variable rates are closer to seven percent, according to RateCity.



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Australian shares fell on Thursday as Wall Street weakness, rising oil and persistent rate concerns weighed on most of the market. The S&P/ASX 200 declined 0.72 per cent to 8,702. The All Ordinaries lost 0.66 per cent to finish at 8,897. Mining stocks were hit particularly hard, while real estate also dragged on the index. …

Borrowers cannot control the Reserve Bank, but they can control how exposed their household budget is to its next decision. The RBA meets on 29 September with inflation concerns still elevated and major-bank economists increasingly bringing forward their rate-rise calls. Fixed mortgage rates have also been moving, reducing the value of waiting for perfect certainty. …

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A Modern Home in Silicon Valley Lists for $44 Million

A five-bedroom Palo Alto home designed by Steven Ehrlich is listed for $44 million, making it the city’s most expensive listing. Built around a dramatic concrete spine, the home features four courtyards and a pool.

By E.B. Solomont
Thu, Sep 24, 2026 3 min

For years, tech entrepreneur Asher Waldfogel and his wife, Helyn MacLean, dreamed of building a modern house in Palo Alto, Calif.

The couple, however, worried about clashing with the Mediterranean-style architecture typically associated with their neighborhood of Old Palo Alto.

So they tapped architect Steven Ehrlich to create a design that paid homage to its surroundings with stucco, mahogany and titanium zinc cladding. They spent $20 million over several years building the house, completed in 2005.

Designed for indoor-outdoor living, the house has matching mahogany paneling and limestone both inside and out.
Designed for indoor-outdoor living, the house has matching mahogany paneling and limestone both inside and out. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

The dining room is between an outdoor garden and the staircase.
The dining room is between an outdoor garden and the staircase. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

Now looking to be closer to their adult daughter on the East Coast, they are putting the five-bedroom home on the market for $44 million—the most expensive listing in Palo Alto.

Waldfogel is an angel investor who co-founded Redback Networks, a telecommunications-equipment company. MacLean previously had a career in fundraising.

The kitchen and family room open to the garden and pool.
The kitchen and family room open to the garden and pool. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

Cast alcoves and mahogany shelves house the couple’s books and ceramics.
Cast alcoves and mahogany shelves house the couple’s books and ceramics. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

The couple purchased the roughly 0.4-acre site for $7.1 million in 2000 and demolished a circa-1930s Spanish Colonial home. The house they built pinwheels around a central staircase. It has 7,900 square feet of livable space, with four distinct courtyards and a pool.

A key feature of the home is a cast-in-place concrete wall, or spine, that is two stories high and about 80 feet long. “There’s a little bit of controlled chaos in what comes out of the form,” unlike a perfectly uniform surface, Waldfogel said. “If you want that, you do it in plastic.”

Ehrlich said it took a few tries to get the concrete wall right.
Ehrlich said it took a few tries to get the concrete wall right. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

‘It’s a really hard material to tame,’ Ehrlich said of concrete. Workers learned as they went, and Waldfogel and Helyn grew to appreciate the imperfect material.
‘It’s a really hard material to tame,’ Ehrlich said of concrete. Workers learned as they went, and Waldfogel and Helyn grew to appreciate the imperfect material. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

A central staircase is housed in a glass tower.
A central staircase is housed in a glass tower. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

Waldfogel said he and his wife are thinking about the next phase of life now that their daughter is grown, although they have not decided where they will move. They also have a home in Sun Valley, Idaho.

“Right now we’re just trying to emotionally let go and decide what to do next,” he said.

Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

Two wings of the house are connected by horizontal planes.
Two wings of the house are connected by horizontal planes. Arthur Sharif/Sotheby’s International Realty

Palo Alto, an epicenter of venture capital and tech startups in Silicon Valley, is home to some of the country’s biggest tech titans. Sales volume and prices are rising, with a median sale price of $3.5 million for the three months ending in August, up 5.8% year-over-year, according to real-estate brokerage Redfin.

Arthur Sharif of Sotheby’s International Realty—San Francisco Brokerage has the listing.

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