Why Disney Is Plowing Cash Into a Cruise Line Expansion

Chief Executive Bob Iger had christened the 1,119-foot-long Disney Treasure the previous evening while 1,000 drones hovered overhead in the shape of a Champagne bottle. The fleet of drones transformed into shapes of images from “Aladdin,” “Coco,” “Moana” and other movies as pop star Jordin Sparks belted out a song written specially for the new ship.

The spectacle was a coming-out party of sorts for a business that for years has played a bit part in Disney’s overall entertainment empire, but is now increasing in prominence. Growth is slowing in the entertainment company’s parks businesses, and its legacy TV business is suffering from cord-cutting , but Disney fans worldwide can’t seem to get enough of cruises.

When Disney announced plans last year to “turbocharge” investment in its Experiences division, which includes theme parks, resorts and consumer products, the company said 20% of the $60 billion over the next decade would go toward its cruise business and other projects that haven’t been announced yet. Disney plans to more than double its fleet from six to 13 ships by 2031 and further expand its service internationally. undefined undefined “Given the fact that we are still a relatively small player and we see this strong demand, it’s only natural and actually the best time to invest in this business,” said Thomas Mazloum , who leads the part of Disney’s Experiences division that includes cruises.

Cruise travel overall surpassed prepandemic levels last year, attracting 31.7 million passengers, up from 29.7 million in 2019, according to the Cruise Lines International Association, a trade group.

More affluent millennials are choosing cruises over land-based vacations in part because a host of new, larger ships with premium amenities make them feel they get good value for the money, JPMorgan Chase said in a June research note. Rising international airfares have also made cruises that leave from ports in their home country more attractive to some overseas families.

Most cruise lines offer chaperoned children’s activities. On the Disney Treasure, parents can sunbathe with cocktails by the pool while children are entertained until as late as midnight with activities such as playing in a “Star Wars”-themed workshop, completing hero’s missions set in the Marvel Comics universe or designing a virtual theme-park ride to their specifications.

The Disney Treasure offers “Moana” and “Beauty and the Beast” themed stage shows, a piano bar themed after the movie “The Aristocats,” and a Mexican eatery where you can watch mariachi musicians sing songs from “Coco” while you sip a margarita and eat enchiladas. On a typical Disney cruise, costumed characters such as Pluto, Goofy and Donald Duck roam the decks and movie theaters show Disney films that are playing on land in cinemas.

Disney is betting that interest in cruises will prompt travelers to pay more for its cruises, which tend to cost more than mass-market cruise lines such as Royal Caribbean or Carnival. A four-day cruise to the Bahamas for a family of four on the Disney Wish ship, leaving from Florida’s Port Canaveral during a popular spring-break week next April, starts at $7,692. On Royal Caribbean, a much larger cruise line, a comparable trip starts at $3,368.

“You’re paying up to cruise with Mickey,” said Matt Hochberg, editor of Royal Caribbean Blog, which focuses on the cruise industry and isn’t affiliated with the cruise line.

Disney says that some of the cost of cruise tickets comes from docking fees charged at ports, which are largely passed on to the customer. Entertainment and dining options and even free unlimited soda—a perk harder to come by on competitors’ cruises—are part of the value proposition that passengers find attractive, the company said.

“You want it to feel like part of the mythology,” said Danny Handke, one of Disney’s parks and attractions designers who helped create the Haunted Mansion-themed bar aboard the Treasure.

The company discloses certain financial metrics for its cruise business but doesn’t share its full financials. In the year ended in September, Disney said a 5% increase in revenue for the Experiences division that includes cruises was driven in part by higher average cruise line ticket prices.

“Passenger cruise days,” the number of passengers aboard Disney ships multiplied by the days they spend on voyages, rose 14% in the company’s 2023 fiscal year (the most recent time period for which such figures are available) and 32% the previous year.

Mazloum, the head of the division that includes cruises, said that with only 5% of the Caribbean market and 2.5% of the global market, Disney is still a small player in cruising. But among Disney’s menu of entertainment options, it is one of the experiences that rates the highest among guests.

Consumer satisfaction surveys show that 82% of Disney’s cruise passengers intend to take another and that sea journeys are the highest-rated experience in Disney’s Entertainment division portfolio, Mazloum said.

At Disney’s busiest cruise port, Port Canaveral, two of the line’s ships launched 157 voyages that were on average 92.4% full in the year ended in September, publicly available port information shows. That metric, the average number of passengers per vessel as a proportion of each vessel’s maximum capacity, has returned to prepandemic levels for Disney.

Disney is now increasingly focused on the Asian market, where hundreds of millions of potential Disney Experiences customers live without a nearby theme park.

Launching next year, the Disney Adventure, which can hold up to 6,700 passengers and will initially operate in Southeast Asia, is Disney’s biggest ship yet. It will sail out of Singapore—the company’s first-ever service there—and aims to attract affluent Indian, Indonesian and Malaysian travelers.

OpenAI says it is scrapping the release of its next-generation AI model over safety concerns that researchers raised during internal testing, in one of the clearest signs so far that agent misbehavior could stymie the industry’s rapid progression.

The move follows a summer punctuated by reports of artificial-intelligence systems industrywide going rogue, and marks a rare case of a major AI developer ditching a new release because of safety concerns.

The company had planned to launch the model, known as GPT-6.1 Astra, in the coming days or weeks, aiming for an October debut. The model was more capable than the company’s previous models in completing challenging tasks from end-to-end without human assistance, as well as writing.

The company instead will focus on improving the safety of future models, which it expects to be even more capable.

Saachi Jain, OpenAI’s head of safety systems, said in an interview that GPT-6.1 Astra regressed in two areas. Compared with its predecessor, GPT-6 Astra, the model performed poorly on tests measuring alignment, or how well the model adheres to what humans would like it to do. Specifically, GPT-6.1 Astra showed higher levels of deception: It wasn’t always honest about telling users of the actions it did or didn’t take.

Another issue was what OpenAI calls “scope authorization,” meaning that GPT-6.1 Astra would push ahead on a task without asking the user for permission, and would at times reach for external tools and services even if it might be unsafe.

“For anything regarding safety and alignment, there’s a trade off,” Jain said. “You really do need to find what’s the right line between staying within scope, but also avoiding laziness in terms of how the model actually pursues tasks even when it hits friction.”

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman attended a United Nations Security Council meeting about AI last week. Alexi J. Rosenfeld/Getty Images

While GPT-6.1 Astra improved in areas such as “model laziness,” Jain said it didn’t quite meet OpenAI’s bar for safety and alignment, so the company decided not to launch the model publicly.

The announcement comes one day ahead of OpenAI’s annual developer conference in San Francisco. In the past, OpenAI has used the conference as an opportunity to launch new models and services that reduce costs for software developers—a segment the ChatGPT-maker competes with rival AI company Anthropic to win over.

In recent weeks, OpenAI and Anthropic have called on industry partners to slow down the development of cutting-edge AI models and invest in safety standards, noting they will temper the pace of their own internal AI progress.

OpenAI says it is working to investigate a range of agent security incidents that it has discovered in recent months, and address the safety issues underneath them. As part of the work, the company has implemented a new monitoring system to catch AI-agent misbehavior more quickly, and started requiring engineers to use stronger security guardrails for testing its AI systems.

Earlier this summer hundreds of OpenAI’s internal agents, which were tasked with completing a cybersecurity test, ended up hacking into the AI company Hugging Face. Since then, high-profile organizations such as the Australian government and United Nations discovered that OpenAI’s agents used similar, but less extensive, techniques to gain access to their websites.

Many of the publicly known agent-security incidents involved OpenAI’s internal AI models that were never slated for public release.

Last week, OpenAI said it paused training on its most capable AI models after an AI agent slipped through a gap in the company’s internet restrictions to query a public chatbot. The company said its new monitoring systems flagged the incident within 15 minutes, and training on these models remains paused.

GPT-6.1 Astra isn’t one of those models, but a different case, the company said.

“We want to make sure our model development is safe no matter whether that’s in the company, or when we ship it to users,” Jain said. “But when we ship it to users, we have an extremely high bar in terms of safety and alignment.”

While the company decided not to ship GPT-6.1 Astra, it hopes to use the same base model to do additional reinforcement learning runs, and create future generations of its GPT-6 models.

OpenAI plans to conduct several deep dives to identify the root cause of the problems identified in GPT-6.1 Astra, Jain said. The work includes ensuring that OpenAI’s reinforcement learning environments are rewarding the right type of behavior, Jain added, though she noted the company would investigate all stages of model development.

AI companies have begun to draw scrutiny from policymakers and public officials, who are paying attention to the rapid development of the technology. Later this week, a Senate subcommittee is holding a hearing with third party AI researchers titled, “Rogue AI: Securing the Homeland Against AI Agent Attacks.”

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier, a Republican, sued OpenAI in June, claiming that the company and Chief Executive Sam Altman knowingly released an unsafe product and ignored warnings that it could harm users.

In a motion for temporary injunction filed Monday, Uthmeier sought to prevent OpenAI from developing new AI models without third-party approved safeguards, stop ChatGPT from soliciting user engagement and limit the company’s ability to advertise ChatGPT as safe.

Tech companies claim they “cannot stop barreling forward with their potentially civilization-ending endeavors unless they are forced to do so by the government,” Uthmeier said in the filing. “The Florida Attorney General is answering your cry for help.”

An OpenAI spokeswoman said that people want to know AI is being developed safely, “and that starts with what companies like ours do ourselves.”

“Governments have an important role to play in setting robust safety standards for AI, and we’re committed to working with Florida and other states on advancing pragmatic AI policies that apply to the entire AI industry—not just one company,” she said.

Why Disney Is Plowing Cash Into a Cruise Line Expansion

Entertainment titan plans to launch seven new ships by 2031, looking to overseas markets far from theme parks